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Article History

Accepted: 26 March 2025

First Online: 16 April 2025

Declarations

:

: No funding was granted for this publication. This is an independent commissioned review by Drugs and Aging and reflects the clinical, medical and research roles of all authors within the UK National Health Service.

: H.P.P. has received lecture fees from Abbott, Pfizer and HC-UK conferences outside of the submitted work. All other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest in relation to this work. H.S., E.G., K.K., N.S., S.L., M.B. and H.P.P. are supported by the Department of Medicine for Older People, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK. E.B. and P.A. are supported by the Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton. H.P.P. is supported by the NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Nutrition and the University of Southampton. S.L. is supported by the NIHR Advanced Fellowship scheme. This report is independent research, and the views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health. These funding bodies had no role in writing of the manuscript or decision to submit for publication. For the purpose of Open Access, the author has applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission.

: Not applicable

: Not needed

: H.S., E.G., E.B., P.A., K.K., N.S., S.L., M.B. and H.P.P. all contributed to the preparation of the manuscript. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript, providing comments and amendments. H.P.P. edited the final draft. All authors agree to be accountable for the work.