Document is current

Article History

Accepted: 22 June 2025

First Online: 10 September 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was supported by ICES, which is funded by an annual grant from the Ontario Ministry of Health (MOH) and the Ministry of Long-Term Care (MLTC). This project also received support through funding from Dalla Lana School of Public Health Data Science Seed Fund and the Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in Aging (CCNA) Synapse Funding, including the Training and Capacity Building Program, the Engagement of People with Lived Experience of Dementia Program, and the Knowledge Translation and Exchange Program. The Training and Capacity Building Program is part of the CCNA, which is supported by a grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, with funding from the Institute of Indigenous Peoples’ Health, the Alzheimer Society of Canada, and the Canadian Nurses Foundation. The Engagement of People with Lived Experience of Dementia Program and the Knowledge Translation and Exchange Program are part of the CCNA, which is supported by a grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, with funding from the Alzheimer Society of Canada. A.E. is funded through the Alzheimer Society of Canada Research Program Doctoral Award. This document used data adapted from the Statistics Canada Postal CodeOM Conversion File, which is based on data licensed from Canada Post Corporation, and/or data adapted from the Ontario Ministry of Health Postal Code Conversion File, which contains data copied under license from ©Canada Post Corporation and Statistics Canada. Parts of this material are based on data and/or information compiled and provided by CIHI and the Ontario Ministry of Health. The analyses, conclusions, opinions, and statements expressed herein are solely those of the authors and do not reflect those of the funding or data sources; no endorsement is intended or should be inferred. We thank IQVIA Solutions Canada Inc. for use of their Drug Information File. Funding sources are listed on the title page as per journal requirements. The funders had no role in the design, methods, subject recruitment, data collections, analysis, and preparation of the paper.

: The authors do not have any financial or personal conflicts of interest to disclose.

: The dataset from this study is held securely in coded form at ICES. While legal data sharing agreements between ICES and data providers (e.g., healthcare organizations and government) prohibit ICES from making the dataset publicly available, access may be granted to those who meet pre-specified criteria for confidential access, available at (email: das@ices.on.ca). The full dataset creation plan and underlying analytic code are available from the authors upon request, understanding that the computer programs may rely upon coding templates or macros that are unique to ICES and are therefore either inaccessible or may require modification.

: The use of the data in this project is authorized under Section 45 of Ontario’s Personal Health Information Protection Act (PHIPA) and does not require review by a research ethics board; however, we acquired research ethics board approval from University of Toronto.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not available but packages used in the analysis are referenced.

: A.E., S.B., J.B., T.S., and A.I. formulated the idea for the paper. All authors were involved in the study concept and design. A.E. and S.B. were involved in acquisition of data. X.W. assisted with data management. A.E. completed all statistical analysis and initial manuscript draft. All authors were involved in the interpretation of data and reviewed and revised the manuscript.