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Authors
Beglinger, Shanthi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7965-4466
Bretagne, Lisa
Volery, François
Del Giovane, Cinzia
Jungo, Katharina T.
O’Mahony, Denis
Marien, Sophie
Spinewine, Anne
Knol, Wilma
Wilting, Ingeborg
Rodondi, Nicolas
Baumgartner, Christine
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Kollegium für Hausarztmedizin, Switzerland
Horizon 2020 (634238)
Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (15.0137)
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (SNSF 320030_188549)
University of Bern
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Article History
Received: 20 May 2025
Accepted: 19 October 2025
First Online: 12 November 2025
Declarations
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: Denis O’Mahony is an Editorial Board member for Drugs & Aging . Denis O’Mahony was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. The other remaining authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
: The data used in this study originated from the OPERAM Trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02986425). The subsequent datasets generated and analyzed in this current substudy are not publicly available but are available to others in the scientific community upon reasonable request to the corresponding author after publication. Data will be made available for scientific purposes for researchers whose proposed use of the data has been approved by a publication committee.
: This study makes use of existing OPERAM trial data. No new data were collected for this study. The OPERAM trial was approved by the independent research ethics committees at each participating site (lead ethics committee: Cantonal Ethics Committee Bern, Switzerland, ID 2016-01200; Medical Research Ethics Committee Utrecht, Netherlands, ID 15-522/D; Comité d’Ethique Hospitalo-Facultaire Saint-Luc-UCL: 2016/20JUL/347—Belgian registration no. B403201629175; Cork University Teaching Hospitals Clinical Ethics Committee, Cork, Republic of Ireland; ID ECM 4 (o) 07/02/17), and Swissmedic as responsible regulatory authority. The OPERAM trial was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: In the OPERAM trial, all participants or their proxies gave their written informed consent prior to enrollment.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: Shanthi Beglinger wrote the first version of the manuscript. Shanthi Beglinger, Lisa Bretagne, and Christine Baumgartner performed statistical analyses. Cinzia del Giovane and Katharina Tabea Jungo contributed to the analytical methods. Shanthi Beglinger, Lisa Bretagne, François Volery, and Christine Baumgartner conceived and developed the project idea. Katharina Jungo, Denis O’Mahony, Sophie Marien, Anne Spinewine, Wilma Knol, Ingeborg Wilting, and Nicolas Rodondi contributed to the design of the study and interpretation of results. Christine Baumgartner supervised the project. All authors contributed to the final version of the manuscript.
