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Authors
Lee, Georgie B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4343-3020
Etherton-Beer, Christopher
Pasco, Julie A.
Almeida, Osvaldo P.
Kelty, Erin
Preen, David B.
Sanfilippo, Frank M.
Page, Amy T.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Western Australia (Research)
University of Western Australia (Training Program stipend)
Stan Perron Charitable Foundation (Stan Perron Charitable Foundation Fellowship)
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Article History
Received: 26 August 2025
Accepted: 2 December 2025
First Online: 11 January 2026
Declarations
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: Christopher Etherton-Beer is a member of the Drug Utilisation Sub-Committee of the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee. The views expressed in this article do not represent those of the Committee. Georgie Lee, Julie Pasco, Osvaldo Almeida, Erin Kelty, David Preen, Frank Sanfilippo and Amy Page have no completing interests to declare.
: Source data are provided with this paper. All other data are subject to third party restrictions.
: Ethics approval for this research was obtained from the University of Western Australia Human Research Ethics Committee (reference, 2022/ET000372). The Department of Human Services External Request Evaluation Committee approved access to PBS data (reference, RMS2669).
: The syntax used to capture polypharmacy have been published as a supplementary file.
: GBL, ATP, EK and CEB designed the research; APT, EK and GBL performed the research; GBL analysed the data, GBL wrote the manuscript; CEB, JAP, OPA, EK, DBP, FMS and APT provided supervision, feedback and editorial support.
