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Article History

Received: 19 September 2025

Accepted: 22 January 2026

First Online: 19 February 2026

Declarations

:

: Disclosures that might be interpreted as constituting of possible conflict(s) of interest for the study: J. Loricera had consultation fees/participation in company-sponsored speaker’s bureau from Roche, AbbVie, Galápagos, Alpha Sigma, Novartis, UCB Pharma, MSD, Celgene, Astra Zeneca, and Grünenthal and received support for attending meetings and/or travel from Janssen, AbbVie, Roche, Novartis, MSD, UCB Pharma, Celgene, Lilly, Pfizer, and Galápagos. J.C. Nieto had consultation fees/participation in company-sponsored speaker’s bureau from Abbvie, Galápagos, Alpha Sigma, Janssen, Sandoz, Nordic, Pfizer, Lilly, UCB, MSD, GSK and Astra Zeneca. María Teresa Silva-Díaz had consultation fees/participation in company-sponsored speaker’s bureau from Grunenthal, FAES Pharma, Abbvie and Pfizer and received support for attending meetings and/or travel from Rubió and Lilly. P. Moya had consultation fees/participation in company-sponsored speaker’s bureau from Abbvie and GSK and received support for attending meetings and/or travel from Abbvie and Lilly. I. Ferraz-Amaro has received grants/research supports from Abbvie, MSD, Janssen, and Roche, as well as consultation fees from company sponsored speaker’s bureau associated with Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, Celgene, and MSD and received support for attending meetings and/or travel from Abbvie, MSD, Janssen, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, and Celgene. R. Blanco received grants/research support from AbbVie, MSD, and Roche, had consultation fees/participation in a company-sponsored speaker’s bureau from AbbVie, Pfizer, Roche, GSK, Lilly, UCB, Bristol-Myers, Novartis, Janssen, UCB and MSD, and received support for attending meetings and/or travel from AbbVie, Pfizer, Roche, GSK, Lilly, UCB, Bristol-Myers, Novartis, Janssen, UCB, and MSD. The following authors did not declare financial disclosures: J. Molina-Collada, M. Sánchez Lucas, and Eztizen Labrador.

: Javier Loricera and Ricardo Blanco conceptualized and designed the study. Javier Loricera and Ricardo Blanco were the research coordinators for the study. Javier Loricera and Ricardo Blanco were the project managers for the study. Iván Ferraz-Amaro supervised the study. Javier Loricera, Juan Molina-Collada, Juan Carlos Nieto, Marina Sánchez-Lucas, María Teresa Silva-Díaz, Patricia Moya, and Eztizen Labrador collected data. Javier Loricera, Iván Ferraz-Amaro, and Ricardo Blanco curated the data. Javier Loricera, Iván Ferraz-Amaro, and Ricardo Blanco analyzed the data. Javier Loricera, Iván Ferraz-Amaro, and Ricardo Blanco interpreted the data. Javier Loricera wrote the original manuscript. Javier Loricera, Juan Molina-Collada, Juan Carlos Nieto, Marina Sánchez-Lucas, María Teresa Silva-Díaz, Patricia Moya, Eztizen Labrador, Iván Ferraz-Amaro, and Ricardo Blanco reviewed and edited the original manuscript. Javier Loricera and Ricardo Blanco had direct access to the data and verified the underlying raw data reported in the manuscript. All authors had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. In addition, all authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript and agree to be accountable for the work.

: The authors confirm that all data supporting the findings of this study are fully available without restriction. All relevant data are contained within the manuscript.

: Stata version 17/SE (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA).

: This study was approved by the Cantabria Clinical Research Ethics Committee (internal code: 2025.058) and conducted in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki and ICH Good Clinical Practice guidelines. All data extracted from the medical records were stored deidentified prior to the analysis.

: As per the Clinical Research Ethics Committee, this retrospective research did not require informed consent.

: No.