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Article History

Received: 5 November 2025

Accepted: 1 February 2026

First Online: 6 March 2026

Declarations

:

: M.D.R. reports having collaborated on research projects related to the epidemiology of influenza, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2, funded by, or having provided consultancy services to, or received research or travel grants from, AstraZeneca, GSK, CSL Seqirus, Moderna, MSD, Pfizer, and Sanofi. S.M. has been an advisory board member/conference speaker/researcher and/or received educational grants from Sanofi, GSK, Pfizer, Moderna, Viatris, and Merck. M.C. has received advisory board, consulting/advisory, and lecture honoraria from: AbbVie, Abbott, Alexion, Amgen, Angelini, Astellas, Astra Zeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Biogen, BMS, Eli Lilly, GSK, Janssen, Krka, Medison, MSD, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Pro.med, Roche, Sandoz, Sanofi, Servier, Takeda, Teva, UCB, and Vertex. J.P.M. reports consultancy services for Pfizer. The other authors report no other interests. Vaccines Europe provides an unrestricted grant to support the activities and meetings of the Adult Immunization Board (AIB). However, it’s important to note that the secretariat of the AIB retains full control over meeting topics, meeting reports, and content on the website. The AIB and its advisors place great importance on maintaining strict operational and scientific independence. The secretariat operates in full compliance with the ethical guidelines of the Universities of Antwerp and Florence.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Supported by Katherine Newell (AIB medical writer). All authors contributed to the conception, drafting, and critical revision of the manuscript and approved the final version.