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Authors
Jang, Suhyun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0089-8557
Lim, Jaeok https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1964-934X
Moon, Arum https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4856-7764
Lee, Ju-Yeun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2261-7330
Ah, Young-Mi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1607-9828
Lee, Hye Jun https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5810-9787
Lee, Sei Young https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6034-6386
Kim, Jung-Ha https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7630-9501
Jang, Sunmee https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8771-8693
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Health Insurance Service (NHIS-2022-1-558)
Chung-Ang University Medical Center
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Article History
Received: 1 February 2026
Accepted: 17 July 2026
First Online: 8 August 2026
Declarations
Funding: This research was supported by the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS-2022-1-558). This study was also supported by Woosuk University.
Conflicts of interest/competing interests: Suhyun Jang, Jaeok Lim, Arum Moon, Ju-Yeun Lee, Young-Mi Ah, Hye Jun Lee, Sei Young Lee, Jung-Ha Kim, and Sunmee Jang have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article.
Ethics approval: This study was approved by the Gachon University Institutional Review Board (Approval No. 1044396-202205-HR-107-01).
Consent to participate: Informed consent was waived by the institutional review board because the study involved a retrospective analysis of anonymized administrative data.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Availability of data and material: Data were obtained from a third party and are not publicly available.
Code availability: Not applicable.
Authors’ contributions: Conceptualization: Jang S (Suhyun Jang), Lim J, Kim JH, Jang S (Sunmee Jang). Data curation: Jang S (Suhyun Jang), Lee JY, Ah YM, Lee HJ, Kim JH, Jang S (Sunmee Jang). Formal analysis: Jang S (Suhyun Jang), Lim J. Funding acquisition: Kim JH. Investigation: Jang S (Suhyun Jang), Lim J, Moon A, Lee JY, Ah YM, Lee HJ, Lee SY, Kim JH, Jang S (Sunmee Jang). Project administration: Kim JH, Jang S (Sunmee Jang). Supervision: Kim JH, Jang S (Sunmee Jang). Writing (original draft): Jang S (Suhyun Jang). Writing (review and editing): Lim J, Moon A, Lee JY, Ah YM, Lee HJ, Lee SY, Kim JH, Jang S (Sunmee Jang). All authors have read and approved the final submitted manuscript and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.
