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Authors
Gamble, John-Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6891-8721
Welk, Blayne https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7093-558X
Clemens, Kristin K. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9636-5597
McArthur, Eric
Paterson, J. Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5995-1714
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Waterloo
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Article History
Accepted: 7 July 2025
First Online: 29 July 2025
Declarations
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: This study was supported by JMG’s research operating funds from the University of Waterloo.
: The use of data in this project is authorized under section 45 of Ontario’s Personal Health Information Protection Act and does not require review by a research ethics board. ICES is an independent, non-profit research institute with legal status under Ontario’s health information privacy law that allows it to collect and analyze healthcare and personal data without consent for health system evaluation and improvement.
: JMG conceived the idea for this study. All authors were involved in the study design and interpretation of study findings. EM conducted the data analysis. JMG was responsible for drafting the first version of the manuscript. All authors provided critical revisions to the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version.
: All authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
