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Article History

Received: 16 May 2025

Accepted: 12 October 2025

First Online: 4 November 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests relevant to the content of this article.

: This study complied with the “Ethical Guidelines for Life Science and Medical Research Involving Human Subjects” and was approved by the Ethical Review Committee of Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University (Approval No. 2022-019) and the Ethical Review Committee of Qol Corporation (Approval No. QOL-036).

: Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

: Not applicable. This study does not include any individual person’s data in any form (including individual details, images or videos).

: Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

: Code availability is not applicable to this article as no codes were included or analyzed during the current study.

: Conceptualization: Yosuke Nishikawa, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Kensuke Usui, Kouji Okada and Yuriko Murai; methodology: Yosuke Nishikawa, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Shiho Jinbayashi, Naho Sato, Shinnosuke Kawai, Kaori Ohmukai and Yuriko Murai; analysis: Yosuke Nishikawa, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Naho Sato, and Yuriko Murai; writing—original draft preparation: Yosuke Nishikawa, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Kensuke Usui, Kouji Okada and Yuriko Murai; writing—review and editing: Yosuke Nishikawa, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Shiho Jinbayashi, Kensuke Usui, Kouji Okada, Shinnosuke Kawai, Kaori Ohmukai and Yuriko Murai. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.