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Authors
Badgery-Parker, Tim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1275-1130
Li, Ling https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1642-142X
Fitzpatrick, Erin https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8011-6272
Seaman, Karla https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4611-9616
Merchant, Alison https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8223-0090
Mumford, Virginia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7915-0615
Raban, Magdalena Z. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6995-2849
Westbrook, Johanna I. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1083-8192
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Health and Medical Research Council (1094878)
National Health and Medical Research Council (APP2032961)
Macquarie University
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Article History
Received: 21 December 2025
Accepted: 9 March 2026
First Online: 2 April 2026
Declarations
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: There are no conflicts of interest.
: No data are available. This study used individual patient health data that cannot be shared without ethical approval. This also precludes the sharing of aggregated data sets. Analysis data sets are stored according to the ethical approval, and access can only be provided to researchers who have received approval from the ethics committee.
: R code for this analysis is available from the authors on reasonable request.
: The study was approved by the Sydney Children’s Hospital Network Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC/15/SCHN/370). Individual patient consent to access retrospective medication and clinical records was waived.
: Individual patient consent to access retrospective medication and clinical records was waived.
: Not applicable.
: Tim Badgery-Parker: data curation, formal analysis, writing—original draft writing—review and editing. Ling Li: conceptualization, supervision, writing—review and editing. Erin Fitzpatrick: investigation, data curation, writing—review and editing. Karla Seaman: formal analysis, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing. Alison Merchant: investigation, data curation, writing—review and editing. Virginia Mumford: writing—review and editing. Magdalena Z. Raban: conceptualization, investigation, writing—review and editing. Johanna Westbrook: conceptualization, funding acquisition, supervision, writing—review and editing. All authors read and approved the final article for submission.
