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Article History

Received: 10 February 2026

Accepted: 8 June 2026

First Online: 18 June 2026

Change Date: 15 July 2026

Change Type: Update

Change Details: Affiliation of author Souad Skalli updated.

Declarations

Conflict of interest: Author declares no conflicts of interest related to the publication of this paper.

Ethics approval: The study protocol was approved by the National Committee of Ethics for Biomedical Research at Mohammed V University in Rabat (approval n°. 05/23), which determined that the anonymous surveys, conducted using questionnaires devoid of any personal identifiers, did not compromise patient confidentiality. Additionally, authorization was obtained from the heads of the respective departments following their review of the questionnaire and briefing on the study objectives.

Consent to participate: Prior to conducting the interviews, all four participants provided written informed consent after being fully informed of the study’s objectives and procedures.

Consent for publication: Consent for publication was obtained from all concerned participants.

Author contribution: The author was solely responsible for all aspects of this work, including the conception and design of the study, data collection and analysis, interpretation of findings, and preparation of the manuscript. The author also carried out the critical review of the literature, developed the discussion, and wrote the final version of the manuscript. In addition, the author read and approved the final version.

Availability of data and material: Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

Code availability: Code availability is not relevant to this study.