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Article History

Received: 23 January 2026

Accepted: 11 June 2026

First Online: 29 June 2026

Declarations

:

: John S. Barbieri has received personal consulting fees from Alosa Health, Twi Biotechnology, Sanofi Pasteur, and Honeydew Care. Harrison P. Nguyen reports receiving consulting fees and/or research grants from the following companies: Abbvie, Amgen, Apogee, Arcutis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Castle Biosciences, Galderma, Incyte, Johnson & Johnson, Leo Pharma, Novartis, Organon, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, Sun Pharmaceuticals, UCB, Verrica Pharmaceuticals. Ngoc-Trang Adrienne H. Nguyen and Howard P. Forman have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

: Not applicable, as this paper did not involve the study of any human participants, their data, or their biological material.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Data sharing is not applicable to this article, as no datasets were generated or analyzed.

: Not applicable.

: All authors read and approved the final version. NTAN: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, visualization, writing—original draft, writing—review and Editing. HPF: writing—review and editing. JSB: writing—review and editing. HPN: conceptualization, methodology, supervision, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing.