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Article History

Accepted: 10 March 2025

First Online: 11 April 2025

Declarations

:

: This work was supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFC2702005, 2023YFC2706101), the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 82404757), Beijing Hospitals Authority’s Ascent Plan (DFL20221001), Beijing Municipal Hospital Scientific Research and Cultivation Program (PX2023043), and Tianchi Talent Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. In addition, we thank all study and site staff whose indispensable assistance made the trial feasible to conduct. Furthermore, we would like to thank the anonymous reviewers who contributed to the paper’s improvement.

: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

: The study received approval from the Research Ethics Committee of the Beijing Children’s Hospital (reference number: [2024]-Y-094-D).

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The data that support the findings of this study are not openly available owing to reasons of sensitivity and are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. 

: Not applicable.

: X.M. and X.X. performed the study and analyzed the data. X.M. wrote the manuscript. X.C., X.W., and B.L. were responsible for issuing and collecting scales. H.M. conceived and guided the study and critically revised the manuscript. Y.S. performed methodological support. All authors contributed to the article and approved the final manuscript.