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Article History

Received: 19 May 2025

Accepted: 5 October 2025

First Online: 18 November 2025

Declarations

:

: Aya M. AbdelMagid, Kamal A. Badr, and Mamdouh R. Rezk have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article. Aya M. AbdelMagid is an Editorial Board member of Drugs in R&D . Aya M. AbdelMagid was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions.

: The study protocol was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee of ARC. The ClinicalTrials.gov registration number is NCT06969963, retrospectively registered on 13 May, 2025. All procedures performed in the study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional committee, the Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice of the International Conference on Harmonisation, and the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: Prior to the initiation of study procedures, written informed consent was obtained from all participants. The form was explained to all subjects before signing it so that the nature, purpose, benefits, and potential risks of the study were understood.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: All authors read and approved of the final version of the manuscript. They have made contributions to the conception and design of the study, data analysis, interpretation of the results, drafting the article, revising it critically for important intellectual content, and final approval of the version to be submitted. The authors confirm that no paper mill and artificial intelligence was used.

: This paper is dedicated to the soul of the late Prof. Dr. Emad B. Basalious (1974–2024), late Professor of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University.