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Article History

Received: 19 March 2026

Accepted: 11 August 2026

First Online: 9 September 2026

Declarations

Conflicts of Interest: Tuula Ahtola-Sätilä and Merja Kirjavainen are employees at Orion Pharma, and Paula Rytilä is an employee and shareholder at Orion Pharma. Jouni Sirviö has received a fee from Orion Pharma for medical writing of this article.

Ethics Approval: The study (protocol ID PJF17-P1-03, sponsored by Pola Chemical Industries Inc, Japan) was conducted at NS Clinic, Seikokai Medical Corporation, Japan between September 1999 and January 2000, after obtaining approval by the Institutional Review Board. It was conducted in full compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki, Good Clinical Practice, and in accordance with all local and national regulations to maximize the human rights, welfare, and safety of the study subjects.

Consent to Participate: Written informed consent was obtained from each subject before the start of study procedures.

Consent for Publication: Not applicable.

Availability of Data and Material: The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available owing to patients not providing consent to individual data being shared publicly.

Code Availability: Not applicable.

Authors’ Contributions: TA-S and PR prepared the concept of the manuscript. All authors contributed to data interpretation of the study results. JS prepared the first draft of the manuscript. MK prepared the illustrations. All the authors revised and critically reviewed all manuscript drafts, approved the submitted version of the manuscript, and made the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.