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Article History

Accepted: 19 June 2023

First Online: 11 August 2023

Declarations

:

: This study was funded by Astellas Pharma Inc. and Pfizer Inc., the co-developers of enzalutamide. Astellas Pharma Inc. participated in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, and writing of the report. The funders reviewed the draft of the manuscript. Pfizer Inc. did not have any role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report.

: MJW does not have competing interests or any financial disclosures to make. JMG is an employee of Duke University. Duke University received funding to conduct the study reported in the manuscript. Some of that funding may have been used to cover his salary. JCY is a consultant to Duke University. Duke University received funding to conduct the study reported in the manuscript. A part of the funding pays for her participation in the study. CDS is an employee of Duke University and has received grants from Pfizer, Exelixis, Merck, BMS, and Astellas. Duke University has a contract with Astellas to support this study. A portion of his Duke salary is covered by this research contract. CDS did not receive direct payments from Astellas related to this work. BFT is an advisor and study investigator for Astellas, Bayer, Janssen, and Novartis. BFT received grants from Ferring. BFT also received consulting fees or honorarium, travel support from Astellas, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Janssen, Myovant, MSD, and Novartis. AKM received honoraria for consulting from the following companies: Astellas, AstraZeneca, AAA, Janssen, Exelixis, Myovant, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, Telix. AKM received grant support from the following companies: Astellas, Bayer, Myovant, and Pfizer. SJH received clinical trial and/or research grant funding (institution) from Astellas, Bayer, and Janssen; and is on an advisory board membership and honoraria (self). HS received grants from Astellas, Bayer, Janssen, and Nihon Kayaku. HS received consulting fees and honoraria from Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Chugai, Daiichi-Sankyo, Eli-Lily, Janssen, MSD, Roche, and Sanofi. HS had no influence on the conduct of the study and/or the preparation of this manuscript caused by the conflict of interest stated here. AG, HB, and MO are current employees of Astellas Pharma Inc. DJG is not employed by industry. DJG is supported by grants by Astellas, AstraZeneca, BMS, Calithera, Exelixis, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, and Sanofi. DJG received consulting fees and honorarium from Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Exelixis, IdeoOncology, Janssen, Merck, Michael J Hennessey Assoc, Myovant Sciences, Pfizer, Propella Therapeutics, RevHealth, Sanofi, Seattle Genetics, UroGPO, WebMD, and Xcures. DJG is supported for speaker bureaus and travel from Bayer, Exelixis, and Sanofi and received fees for participation in review activities such as data monitoring boards, etc. from Astellas-Advisory Board; AstraZeneca-Advisory Board, CAPI-281 SC; Janssen-Independent Data Monitoring Committee; NCI Genitourinary SC; Pfizer SC. DJG received fees from Wilmer Hale Atty for expert testimony and received royalties from Up-to-Date. DJG also received fees from AAA/Novartis; AACR: Sr Editor; Millennium Medical Publishing, Clinical Advances in Hematology & Oncology, Co-Editor-in-Chief.

: Researchers may request access to anonymized participant-level data, trial-level data, and protocols from Astellas-sponsored clinical trials at . For the Astellas criteria on data sharing, see .

: Conceptualization: Juan Marcos Gonzalez, Arijit Ganguli, Hemant Bhadauria, Mok Oh, Daniel J. George; Methodology: Juan Marcos Gonzalez, Arijit Ganguli, Alicia K. Morgans, Bertrand F. Tombal, Sebastien J. Hotte, Hiroyoshi Suzuki, Hemant Bhadauria, Mok Oh, Charles D. Scales , Jr, Matthew J. Wallace, Jui-Chen Yang, Daniel J. George; Validation: Juan Marcos Gonzalez, Arijit Ganguli, Alicia K. Morgans, Bertrand F. Tombal, Sebastien J. Hotte, Hiroyoshi Suzuki, Hemant Bhadauria, Mok Oh, Charles D. Scales, Jr, Matthew J. Wallace, Jui-Chen Yang, Daniel J. George; Formal analysis: Juan Marcos Gonzalez, Sebastien J. Hotte, Charles D. Scales , Jr, Matthew J. Wallace, Jui-Chen Yang; Investigation: Juan Marcos Gonzalez; Writing—original draft preparation: Juan Marcos Gonzalez, Sebastien J. Hotte, Mok Oh, Charles D. Scales, Jr, Matthew J. Wallace, Jui-Chen Yang; Writing—review and editing: Juan Marcos Gonzalez, Arijit Ganguli, Alicia K. Morgans, Bertrand F. Tombal, Sebastien J. Hotte, Hiroyoshi Suzuki, Hemant Bhadauria, Mok Oh, Charles D. Scales, Jr, Matthew J. Wallace, Jui-Chen Yang, Daniel J. George; Visualization: Matthew J. Wallace, Jui-Chen Yang; Supervision: Juan Marcos Gonzalez, Arijit Ganguli; Project administration: Juan Marcos Gonzalez