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Article History

Accepted: 9 December 2024

First Online: 28 January 2025

Declarations

:

: Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This study was funded by Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland

: Ana Maria Giménez-Arnau is, or recently was, a speaker and/or advisor for and/or has received research funding from Almirall, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Avene, Celldex, Escient Pharmaceuticals, Genentech, GSK, Instituto Carlos III- FEDER, Leo Pharma, Menarini, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Novartis, Sanofi–Regeneron, Servier, Thermo Fisher Scientific, and Uriach Pharma/Neucor. Maria-Magdalena Balp is an employee of Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland. Andrii Danyliv is an employee of Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland. Tonya Winders has no conflicts associated with this study. James O’Donoghue is an employee of Ipsos SA, Basel, Switzerland. Jörn Kleebach is an employee of Ipsos SA, Basel, Switzerland. Samantha Morrison was an employee of Ipsos, London, UK at the time of study conduct. Shaun Walsh is an employee of Novartis Global Service Center, Dublin, Ireland. Maike Mueller is an employee of Novartis Pharma GmbH Nuernberg, Germany. Daniela Lopez-Ortiz is an employee of Novartis, Spain. Marcus Maurer was a speaker and/or advisor for and/or has received research funding from Allakos, Alvotech, Amgen, Aquestive, Aralez, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Celldex, Celltrion, Evommune, GSK, Ipsen, Kyowa Kirin, Leo Pharma, Lilly, Menarini, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Moxie, Noucor, Novartis, Orion Biotechnology, Resoncance Medicine, Sanofi/Regeneron, Septerna, Trial Form Support International AB, Third HarmonicBio, ValenzaBio, Yuhan Corporation, and Zurabio. Jonathan A. Bernstein—PI and consultant for Novartis, Genentech, TEVA, Sanofi Regeneron, Astra Zeneca, Amgen, Allakos, Celldex, Jasper, Atara; and consultant for Escient, ONO, and TLL.

: The datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are not publicly available

: Ethics committee approval was granted for this study by the following independent healthcare institutions: Pearl IRB, 29 East McCarty Street, Suite 100, Indianapolis, IN 46225 (Protocol 20-IPSO-139). Comité de Ética de la Investigación con medicamentos del Parc de Salut Mar, 88 I 08003 Barcelona I Telèfon 93 316 06 77 I Fax 93 316 06 36, ceic-psmar@imim.es | (Study number 2021/9787).

: Maria-Magdalena Balp, James O’Donoghue, Jörn Kleebach, and Samantha Morrison conceived the study and were in charge of overall direction and planning. Ana Maria Giménez-Arnau, Andrii Danyliv, Tonya Winders, Shaun Walsh, Maike Mueller, Daniela Lopez-Ortiz, Marcus Maurer, and Jonathan A. Bernstein contributed to the design and implementation of the research, analysis of the results, and writing of the manuscript.