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Article History

Accepted: 2 March 2025

First Online: 15 March 2025

Declarations

:

: This work was supported by a grant from Crohn’s and Colitis Canada. Deborah A. Marshall was supported by the Arthur J.E. Child Chair in Rheumatology (2012-2022). Geoffrey C. Nguyen is supported by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research Embedded Clinician Researcher Award.

: Deborah A. Marshall, Karen V. MacDonald, Nitya Suryaprakash, Raza M. Mirza, Maida J Sewitch, and Geoffrey C. Nguyen have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article.

: Research ethics board approval was obtained for this study from the Sinai Hospital Research Ethics Committee (REB17-0720-E). The authors certify that the study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards detailed in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

: Not applicable.

: Participant data will not be made available to other researchers as study participants did not consent to have their data shared beyond use in this study.

: Not applicable.

: Conceptualization: DAM, KVM, RMM, MJS, GCN. Funding acquisition: DAM, MJS, GCN. Data curation and formal analysis: NS, RMM. Interpretation of data: DAM, KVM, NS, RMM, MJS, GCN. Methodology: DAM, KVM, NS, RMM, MJS, GCN. Resources: DAM, GCN. Supervision: DAM, MJS, GCN. Writing (original draft): KVM, NS, DAM. Writing (review and editing): DAM, KVM, NS, RMM, MJS, GCN. All authors approved the final version to be published and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work.