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Article History

Received: 25 February 2025

Accepted: 21 August 2025

First Online: 15 September 2025

Declarations

:

: Anne F. Klassen provides research consulting services to the pharmaceutical industry through EVENTUM Research (Hamilton, ON, Canada). The other authors have no conflicts of interest.

: Ethics approval was obtained from the coordinating site (Hamilton Integrated Research Ethics Board; project ID #11103) and the collaborating site in Canada (Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Ethics Board; project ID #22/41X). Research ethics boards at the two collaborating sites in the USA determined that local ethics approval was not required.

: All participants provided written consent to participate before data generation and verbal consent at the time of data generation. Requirements for parental consent varied between sites; parents/caregivers provided consent for their child to participate when required.

: Participants (and their parents/caregivers, when required) provided written consent for the research team to use the photos of their timeline activities in publications.

: Not applicable.

: Shelby L. Kennedy: conceptualization, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, project administration, visualization, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing. Susan M. Jack: conceptualization, methodology, supervision, writing—review & editing. Natasha Johnson: methodology, supervision, writing—review & editing. Jennifer Couturier: supervision, writing—review & editing. Charlene Rae: conceptualization, methodology, supervision, writing—review & editing. Anne F. Klassen: conceptualization, funding acquisition, methodology, project administration, supervision, writing—review & editing.