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Authors
Lian, Dai https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2650-9357
Liu, Jing
Wei, Yan
Yang, Yi
Ren, Yanfeng
Bao, Shiyi
Liu, Liu
Liu, Shimeng https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6878-6272
Chen, Yingyao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3470-0748
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 72074047)
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Article History
Received: 9 July 2025
Accepted: 8 September 2025
First Online: 5 November 2025
Declarations
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: The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
: Dai Lian: writing—original draft, visualization, formal analysis, software. Jing Liu: investigation, validation, writing—review and editing. Yan Wei: investigation, validation, writing—review and editing. Yi Yang: investigation, validation, writing—review and editing. Yanfeng Ren: investigation, validation, writing—review and editing. Shiyi Bao: investigation, validation, writing—review and editing. Liu Liu: investigation, validation, writing—review and editing. Shimeng Liu: investigation, formal analysis, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing, project administration, supervision, conceptualization. Yingyao Chen: investigation, writing—review and editing, supervision, resources, project administration, funding acquisition, conceptualization.
: The study was performed according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. The ethics review board of the School of Public Health at Fudan University approved this study (Reference No. IRB# 2021-07-0911). All participants signed informed consent forms.
: Data are available on request. The data sets used and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
