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Article History

Received: 11 July 2025

Accepted: 11 September 2025

First Online: 3 November 2025

Declarations

:

: Richard De Abreu Lourenco is an editorial board member of The Patient . He was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. All other authors declare no conflicts of interest.

: The Sydney Local Health District Human Research Ethics Committee–Concord Repatriation General Hospital approved the conduct of this study (2023/ETH00869). The study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: All participants provided written informed consent for study participation.

: The data underlying this article cannot be shared without compromising the privacy of individuals who participated in the study. The qualitative nature of the interviews and experiences of clinicians are personal, so even if identifying information is removed from individual transcripts, it may still breach confidentiality.

: Samuel Stevens, Richard De Abreu Lourenço, Deborah Street, Christopher Booth, Joanne Shaw, and Janette Vardy contributed to the study conception and design. Writing and revision of the interview guide was completed by Samuel Stevens, Richard De Abreu Lourenço, Christopher Booth, Joanne Shaw, and Janette Vardy. Interviews were conducted by Samuel Stevens. Interview analysis was performed by Samuel Stevens, Ella El-Katateny, Isaac Addo, and Joanne Shaw. The literature search was conducted by Samuel Stevens. The final attribute list was developed by Samuel Stevens, Richard De Abreu Lourenco, Deborah Street, Christopher Booth, Joanne Shaw, and Janette Vardy. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Samuel Stevens. All authors reviewed and revised additional drafts of the manuscript and approved of its final form.