Document is current

Article History

Received: 26 January 2026

Accepted: 11 May 2026

First Online: 23 July 2026

Declarations

Conflict of interest: Séverine Vermeire has received research support from AbbVie, J&J, Pfizer, Takeda, and Galapagos; and speakers’ and/or consultancy fees from AbbVie, Abivax, AbolerISPharma, AgomAb, Alimentiv, Arena Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Cytoki Pharma, Dr Falk Pharma, Ferring, Galapagos, Genentech-Roche, Gilead, GSK, Hospira, Imidomics, Janssen, J&J, Lilly, Materia Prima, Mestag Therapeutics, MiroBio, Morphic, MrMHealth, Mundipharma, MSD, Pfizer, Prodigest, Progenity, Prometheus, Robarts Clinical Trials, Surrozen, Takeda, Theravance, Tillots Pharma AG, VectivBio, Ventyx, and Zealand Pharma. EFCCA ( Maria Stella De Rocchis, Luisa Avedano, Magdalena Sajak-Szczerba , and Roberto Saldaña work for this organization) has received funding support from AbbVie, AgomAb, Alfa Sigma, Arena, Bristol Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celltrion, Ferring, Galapagos, Janssen, Lilly, MSD, Novartis/Sandoz, Ono Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, Roche, and Takeda. Marc Ferrante has received research support from AbbVie, Biogen, EG, Janssen, Pfizer, Takeda, and Viatris; consultancy fees from AbbVie, AgomAb Therapeutics, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Celltrion, Eli Lilly, Janssen-Cilag, MRM Health, MSD, Pfizer, Takeda, and ThermoFisher; and speakers’ fees from AbbVie, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Falk, Ferring, Janssen-Cilag, MSD, Pfizer, Takeda, Truvion Healthcare, and Viatris. João Sabino has received research support from Galapagos and Viatris; consultancy fees from Pfizer, Janssen, Ferring, Fresenius, AbbVie, Galapagos, Celltrion, Pharmacosmos, and Pharmanovia; and speaker’s fees from Pfizer, AbbVie, Ferring, Falk, Takeda, Janssen, Fresenius, and Galapagos. Bram Verstockt has received research support from AbbVie, Biora Therapeutics, Celltrion, Landos, Pfizer, Sanofi, Sossei Heptares/Nxera, and Takeda; consultancy fees from AbbVie, Alfasigma, Alimentiv, Anaptys Bio, Applied Strategic, AstraZeneca, Atheneum, BenevolentAI, Biora Therapeutics, Boxer Capital, Bristol Myers Squibb, Domain Therapeutics, Eli Lily, Galapagos, Guidepont, Landos, Merck, Mirador Therapeutics, Mylan, Nxera, Inotrem, Ipsos, Johnson and Johnson, Pfizer, Sandoz, Sanofi, Santa Ana Bio, Sapphire Therapeutics, Sosei Heptares, Takeda, Tillots Pharma, and Viatris; speaker’s fees from AbbVie, Agomab, Alfasigma, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celltrion, Eli Lily, Falk, Ferring, Galapagos, Materia Prima, Johnson and Johnson, Pfizer, Sandoz, Takeda, Tillots Pharma, Truvion, and Viatris; and stock options from Vagustim and Thethis Pharma. Isabelle Huys has received research support from Bristol Myers Squibb. Elise Schoefs , Noortje Straetemans , and Martina Vandebroek have no conflicts to declare.

Ethics approval: Ethics approval was granted by the Ethics Committee Research UZ/KU Leuven to conduct the study (S65998).

Consent to participate: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Consent to publish: Not applicable.

Author contributions: All authors were involved in the design of the study. ES designed the study materials, which were discussed and reviewed by all authors. ES, SV, MSDR, LA, MS, RS, NS, MF, JS, and BV were involved in the recruitment of the participants. ES and MV analyzed the results. ES produced the first draft of the manuscript, which was subsequently revised and finalized with all authors. All the authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

Data availability statement: The data of the survey is not publicly available because it contains personal information that could compromise participants’ privacy and consent. Requests to access the datasets should be directed to elise.schoefs@kuleuven.be.