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Article History

Received: 8 April 2026

Accepted: 11 August 2026

First Online: 6 September 2026

Declarations

Conflicts of Interest/Competing Interests: Maurits J.F. Lusseveld, Ekaterina Svetlova, Constance H.C. Drossaert, Janine A. van Til, Lucia J.M. Loman, Miranda Rutenfrans-Stupar, Sabine Siesling, and Ria Wolkorte have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article.

Funding: No financial support was received for the research, authorship and/or publication of this article.

Ethical Approval: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Twente (Review number 250196).

Consent to Participate: Verbal informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Consent for Publication: Not applicable.

Availability of Data and Material: The datasets (interview transcripts) generated and analysed during the current study are not publicly available or available upon request to protect the privacy and anonymity of the participants. Given the specialised and high-level nature of the advocacy roles studied within the Dutch oncology landscape, the raw qualitative data contain specific details that could compromise the confidentiality of the individuals involved.

Code Availability: Not applicable.

Authors’ Contributions: MJF: conceptualisation, methodology, formal analysis, investigation (interviews), visualisation, project administration, writing (original draft). RW: conceptualisation, methodology, validation, writing (review and editing). ES, CHCD, JAvT and SS: conceptualisation, methodology, writing (review and editing). LL and MR: conceptualisation, investigation, writing (review and editing). All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.