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Article History

Accepted: 23 May 2025

First Online: 26 June 2025

Declarations

:

: Open access publishing supported by the institutions participating in the CzechELib Transformative Agreement. This work was supported by the Ministry of Health, Czech Republic, for conceptual development of research organizations [00064203/6001, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic], and GAUK 227023.

: J.B.: lectures/congress fees/consultancy (outside submitted work)—MSD, AbbVie, Nutricia, Nestlé, Sanofi, Pfizer and Vitabalans; K.Z: lectures/congress fees/consultancy (outside submitted work)—Nestlé and ProMed; M.D.: congress fees (outside submitted work)—Nutricia; D.K.: lectures/workshop fee (outside submitted work)—Takeda and Vitabalans; M.K.: congress fees (outside submitted work)—Fresenius and Accord; T.L.: lectures/congress fees/consultancy (outside submitted work)—Accord, Nutricia, Biocodex and Ferring; K.M.: lectures/consultancy (outside submitted work)—Eli-Lilly and Takeda; E.V.: congress fees (outside submitted work)—Ewopharma; O.H.: lectures/congress fees/consultancy (outside submitted work)—MSD, AbbVie, Takeda, Sandoz, Lilly, Nutricia and Pfizer; I.C., J.Du., and J.Do. report no conflicts of interest.

: Full data available on request.

: The study was approved by the local ethics committee (EK, 662/23).

: Parents of all patients provided written informed consent before inclusion in the study and publication of the data.

: Full statistical code available on request.

: J.B. (guarantor of the article)—study design, literature search, review of literature, data analysis, drafting of the manuscript and project supervision; O.H.—study design, acquisition of data, statistical analysis and revision of manuscript draft; K.Z., I.C., M.D., D.K., M.K., T.L., K.M., E.V., J.Du., J.Do.—study design, acquisition of data and revision of manuscript draft. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.