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Article History

Received: 22 January 2026

Accepted: 11 May 2026

First Online: 18 June 2026

Declarations

Conflicts of Interest: Stephanie Leeds: consultancy fees from Regeneron and DBV Technologies; and received research funding from FARE. Aikaterini Anagnostou: institutional funding from Novartis, Aquestive, ALK, and AAFA; advisory board member for Novartis, Genentech, ALK, and Bryn; and consultation/speaker fees from ALK, EPG Health, MJH, Adelphi, Aimmune Therapeutics, DBV Technologies, Genentech, FARE, Medscape, kaleo, Inc., Stallergenes, and Innovation Horizons. Michael Pistiner: consultant/advisor for AAFA, FARE, AAN, kaleo, Inc., DBV Technologies, Bryn Pharma, Genentech, Novartis, Aimmune, Food Graph, and Anjo; received funding from kaleo, Inc., ARS, DBV Technologies, Kenvue, Aquestive, Stallergenes Greer, National Peanut Board, and Egg Nutrition Center; and is co-founder of AllergyHome and Allergy Certified Training. Jay Lieberman: grant from DBV (money to institution); consulting/advisor fees from ARS, Aquestive, kaleo, Inc., Genentech; Adjudication for Amgen, Celldex; and leadership or fiduciary role in American Board of Allergy and Immunology, ACAAI, and Joint Task Force for Practice Parameters. Nicole B. Ramsey: grants to institution from Pfizer, Food Allergy Fund and Bristol Myers Squibb Foundation; and honoraria from the American Academy of Pediatrics and Blackhealth Matters, speaker and consultant to Guidepoint and KnowledgeGate. Rachael Griffiths: employee of kaleo, Inc. Julie Wang: grants or contracts from NIH, Aimmune Therapeutics, Regeneron, and Siolta Therapeutics; honoraria from Medscape and DBV Technologies; support for attending AAAAI, ACAAI, and AAP meetings; participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board for ALK-Abelló, Jubilant HollisterStier, and Novartis; consulting/advising fees from kaleo, Inc.; and leadership or fiduciary role in AAP (immediate past chair, executive committee, Section on Allergy and Immunology) and AAAAI (chair, annual meeting programming committee).

Availability of Data and Material: Not applicable.

Ethics Approval: Not applicable.

Consent to Participate: Not applicable.

Consent for Publication: Not applicable.

Code Availability: Not applicable.

Author Contributions: All authors (Stephanie Leeds, Aikaterini Anagnostou, Michael Pistiner, Jay Lieberman, Nicole B. Ramsey, Rachael Griffiths, and Julie Wang) contributed equally to conceptualization, writing – original draft, and writing – review and editing. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.