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Article History

Accepted: 18 May 2021

First Online: 19 June 2021

Declarations

:

: This research is funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Policy Research Programme, conducted through the Policy Research Unit in Economic Methods of Evaluation in Health and Social Care Interventions, PR-PRU-1217-20401. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care.

: Ruth Wong holds a grant awarded by the Department of Health and Social Care. Mark Sculpher has received grants from the National Institute for Health Research in relating to this work, and from Public Health England for whom this research is undertaken.

: This study did not require any ethical approval.

: All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Ruth Wong developed and conducted the literature searches. Ana Duarte, Andrew Metry and Simon Walker screened and identified titles for inclusion, and performed the data extraction. Ana Duarte drafted the manuscript with substantial input from all authors. Mark Sculpher had oversight of the project. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

: We would like to acknowledge a range of colleagues who pointed us to reports detailing modelling studies with the potential to be included in our review. We would also like to acknowledge Prof. Allan Wailoo for technical advice on the methodology of the study and commenting on an early draft of this manuscript.

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