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Article History

Accepted: 18 July 2023

First Online: 12 August 2023

Declarations

:

: Open access funding provided by University of Basel. This work was funded by the Swiss Institute for Accident Insurance (Suva). Neither the study funder, nor the manufacturer of nivolumab and ipilimumab, were involved in determining the research question, the study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, decision to publish, or writing of the manuscript.

: Unrelated to the submitted work, MB has received personal fees from Vifor for participation in an advisory board meeting. OG attended advisory boards by Eli Lilly, was consultant for Amgen, and is member of a data safety monitoring board for Boehringer Ingelheim (all honoraria were paid to his institution). AB, AF, EP, and NM have declared no conflict of interest.

: We requested approval from the Ethics Committee Northwest and Central Switzerland for the use of aggregate resource use and cost data of patients treated at the Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne from 2011 to 2022. According to our request (Req-2022-00420), ethical approval was not needed for the use of anonymized and aggregated data.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The parameter values used in this model are included in the published article (and its supplementary information files) or are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request for non-commercial purposes. Access to underlying data from the National Institute for Cancer Epidemiology and Registration and the Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne is possible via the data owners following their regulations. Where relevant, contact can be established with the corresponding author.

: The cost-effectiveness model was implemented in TreeAge and is available from the corresponding author (MB) on reasonable request for non-commercial purpose.

: MB, AF, and OG conceived and designed the study. MB performed the survival modelling in R, developed and implemented the model in TreeAge, and performed the model validation. AF, OG, and EP provided aggregate resource use and cost data of medical records of patients from the Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne. MB drafted the grant application and the manuscript. AB and NM helped with the resubmission and performed a detailed review of the manuscript. All authors reviewed and commented on the manuscript for important intellectual content and approved the final version.