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Article History

Accepted: 25 July 2023

First Online: 16 November 2023

Declarations

:

: LJT is funded by the Medical Research Council University College London Doctoral Training Programme, the grant that supported this work: MR/N013867/1. ALS is supported by a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Clinician Scientist grant (grant number CS-2018-18-ST2-005). ALS and JSR are supported by the NIHR Biomedical Research Centres at Moorfields Eye Hospital/University College London Institute of Ophthalmology. JSR is an NIHR Senior Investigator. DEP is funded by an NIHR Advanced Fellowship (NIHR300054). <i>All research at Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health is made possible by the NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre.</i>

: All authors declare no conflicts of interest.

: LJT conceptualised the article, performed the literature search, screened all articles, extracted data and drafted the original manuscript. DEP and SK screened articles, extracted data and critically revised the manuscript. MCB supervised data visualisation and critically appraised the manuscript. ALS and JSR provided supervision on all aspects and critically appraised the manuscript. All authors approved the final manuscript.

: This study did not require research ethics approval.