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Article History

Accepted: 6 October 2024

First Online: 15 November 2024

Declarations

:

: Open Access funding enabled and organized by CAUL and its Member Institutions. This study is funded by International Macquarie University Research Excellence Scholarship (no. 2018152), Macquarie University Australian Pharmaceutical Scholarship (no. 2019022) and Social Science Projects of Gansu Province of China (no. 21CX1ZA174 and no. GSWSKY2020-76). Five pharmaceutical companies contributed to the Macquarie University Australian Pharmaceutical Scholarship: Amgen Australia, Janssen Australia, MSD Australia, Pfizer Australia, and Roche Australia. No sources of financial assistance were received by M.H., V.J., K.S., Y.G., and B.P.

: All authors have no conflict of interest. B.P., M.H. and V.J. conduct evaluations of medicines for the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee. The views expressed in the paper are not those of the PBAC or the Commonwealth Government of Australia.

: The data that support the findings of this study were abstracted from the Public Summary Documents ().The data are available from the authors upon reasonable request.

: The code for all analyses reported in the manuscript is available on request.

: Q.C., M.H., V.J., K.S. and Y.G. contributed to the conception of the study. Q.C., B.P., M.H., Y.G., and V.J. formalised the framework. Q.C. extracted the information and V.J. cross-checked the data for a random sample. Q.C. conducted the statistical analyses in consultation with Y.G. All authors contributed to the interpretation of results, drafting and reviewing it critically for the intellectual content.