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Article History

Accepted: 23 October 2024

First Online: 12 November 2024

Declarations

:

: National Natural Science Foundation of China (72374127).

: Ya’nan Wu, Yanjiao Xu, Zhao Shi, Junchao Feng, Zhihao Yang, Zhuxin Mao, Lei Dou, and Shunping Li have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article. Shunping Li is an Editorial Board Member of PharmacoEconomics. He was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions.

: Data are available upon reasonable request.

: This study involves human participants and this study was screened and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Centre for Health Management and Policy Research of Shandong University (no. ECCHMPSDU20210101). All participants gave their informed consent by signing the consent form. All participants were free to quit at any time and at any stage of this research. Sensitive personal information, such as patient identification numbers and names, were strictly protected.

: S.P.L. is the guarantor of the content of the manuscript. L.D. and S.P.L. contributed substantially to the concept and design of this article. Y.J.X., Z.S., and J.C.F. made their contributions to the questionnaire survey, data acquisition, and analysis. Y.N.W. analyzed the data and contributed to the drafting of the manuscript. Z.H.Y. and Z.X.M. made their contributions to the revision of the work. All authors approved the final version submitted for publication and took responsibility for statements made in the published article.