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Article History

Accepted: 29 October 2024

First Online: 15 November 2024

Declarations

:

: No funding was received for the conduct of this study of the preparation of this article.

: Xiaomo Xiong and Jeff Jianfei Guo have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article.

: This model-based study did not involve human subjects. Thus, it was exempted from institutional review board approval by the University of Cincinnati.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: All data used in the study are publicly available from literature, conference abstracts, and official sources cited in the references. The models employed in the analysis are available upon reasonable request.

: Codes for the survival analysis are available upon reasonable request.

: XX and JJG conceptualized the study design. XX constructed the model, collected and analyzed the data, and drafted the manuscript. XX supervised the study. All authors contributed to the critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content. All authors gave final approval for the version to be published.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.