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Article History

Accepted: 19 January 2025

First Online: 20 February 2025

Declarations

:

: This work was supported by Sanofi B.V. Netherlands and AstraZeneca.

: Alexia Kieffer works for Sanofi B.V. and hold stock in the company. Prof. dr. Maarten J. Postma and Prof. dr. Cornelis Boersma received grants and honoraria from various pharmaceutical companies, inclusive those developing, producing and marketing vaccines. Dr Simon van der Pol and Dr Florian Zeevat are employed by Health-Ecore, an organization that received grants from Sanofi.

: The funder contributed to the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review and approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: All data supporting the findings of this study are available within the paper and its Supplementary Materials.

: The codes used in this study are not publicly available. However, a detailed explanation of the modeling method and the relevant steps are provided within the main text and supplementary materials.

: Concept and design: Zeevat, Kieffer, van der Pol, Boersma. Acquisition of data: Zeevat, Boersma. Analysis and interpretation of data: Zeevat, van der Pol, Kieffer, Postma, Boersma. Drafting of the manuscript: Zeevat, Boersma. Critical revision of the paper for important intellectual content: Zeevat, van der Pol, Kieffer, Boersma, Postma. Statistical analysis: Zeevat, van der Pol, Kieffer. Supervision: Boersma, Postma.