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Article History

Accepted: 4 May 2025

First Online: 23 May 2025

Declarations

:

: Financial support for this study was provided entirely by a grant from UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (Grant Number NIHR133252) using UK aid from the UK Government to support global health research. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the National Institute for Health and Care Research or the UK Department of Health and Social Care. The funding agreement ensured the authors’ independence in designing the study, interpreting the data, and writing and publishing the report.

: Peter Murphy, Susan Griffin, Helen Fulbright and Simon Walker have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article. Simon Walker is an Editorial Board Member of Pharmacoeconomics. He was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions.

: The study was exempt from an ethics review.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: All data extracted and used in the synthesis are described in the article.

: Not applicable.

: PM, SG and SW contributed to the study conception and design. Database searching was conducted by HF. Data extraction and analysis was performed by PM. The first draft of the manuscript was written by PM and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.