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Article History

Accepted: 29 May 2025

First Online: 26 July 2025

Declarations

:

: This project is funded by the European Union under grant agreement No. 101057619. The views and opinions expressed are, however, those of the authors only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or European Health and Digital Executive Agency. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.

: Teebah Abu-Zahra, Sabine Grimm, Mirre Scholte and Manuela Joore have no competing financial or non-financial interests that are directly or indirectly related to the content of this work.

: The protocol of this research article, including the structure and questions that were used in the interviews and workshops, as well as the invitation e-mails and consent forms, has been approved as a non-WMO study by the FHML-REC, the Ethics Review Committee of the Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences at Maastricht University.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: SMART and the treatment-resistant hypertension case example are available at the following link: .

: Not applicable.

: TA-Z: writing, conceptualisation, reviewing and editing of the original draft, writing and editing of the research protocol, methodology development, investigation, visualisation, validation, data curation and formal analysis. SEG: conceptualisation, review and editing of the original draft, validation, visualisation, supervision, project administration and funding acquisition. MS: conceptualisation, review and editing of original draft, investigation, visualisation and validation. MJ: conceptualisation, review and editing of the original draft, validation, visualisation, supervision, project administration and funding acquisition. We hereby confirm that all authors have read and approved the final version of the article prior to submission.