Luo, Nan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7980-6979
Vasan Thakumar, Annushiah https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7261-1255
Cheng, Ling Jie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5338-578X
Yang, Zhihao https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5468-0847
Rand, Kim https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7692-4099
Cheung, Yin Bun https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0517-7625
Thumboo, Julian https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6712-5535
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research Foundation Singapore (MOH-000588-01)
EuroQol Research Foundation (1741-RA)
Article History
Accepted: 22 June 2025
First Online: 29 August 2025
Declarations
:
: Conceptualization: NL. Methodology: NL, AVT, LJC, ZY, and KR. Formal analysis and investigation: NL, AVT, and LJC. Writing—original draft preparation: NL, LJC, and AVT. Writing—review and editing: NL, AVT, LJC, ZY, KR, YBC, and JT. Funding acquisition: NL.
: This project is supported by the National Research Foundation, Singapore under its National Precision Medicine fund, Precision Health Research (‘PRECISE’) (MOH-000588-01), and the EuroQol Research Foundation (1741-RA), Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
: Data generated for the current study are included in this published article (and its supplementary files). They are also available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
: NL, LJC, ZY and KR are members of the EuroQol Research Foundation. All other authors declare no conflicts of interest.