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Article History

Received: 24 November 2025

Accepted: 1 February 2026

First Online: 21 March 2026

Change Date: 21 April 2026

Change Type: Update

Change Details: The original online version of this article was revised to include the supplementary material file.

Declarations

:

: Simone Huygens and Matthijs Versteegh have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article. Martin Hemels reports an unrestricted research grant from the Netherlands Organization for Health Research & Development (ZonMW), consultancy fees from Bayer, and speaker fees from Astra Zeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Novartis, and NovoNordisk. Dominik Linz reports unrestricted research grants from the Dutch Heart Foundation, the European Union’s Horizon 2020, and consultancy fees to the institution from Bayer & Boston Scientific. Michiel Rienstra reports unrestricted research grants from the Dutch Heart Foundation, the Netherlands Organization for Health Research & Development (ZonMW), the Netherlands Cardiovascular Research Initiative, Top Sector Life Sciences & Health, and the European Union’s Horizon 2020, and consultancy fees to the institution from Bayer, InCarda Therapeutics, and Novartis, and speaker fees to the institution from Daiichi-Sankyo & Pfizer. Sing-Chien Yap reports research grants to the institution from Medtronic, Biotronic, Biosense Webster, and Boston Scientific.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The data underlying this article derived from health insurance claims cannot be shared publicly because of privacy reasons.

: The R code of the cost-effectiveness model underlying this article is available at .

: SH and MV conceived and designed the study, acquired the data, developed the health economic model and performed the analyses, interpreted the results, and drafted the manuscript. MH, DL, MR, and S-CY provided clinical input and validation. All authors interpreted the results and critically revised the manuscript for important intellectual content.