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Article History

Received: 15 December 2025

Accepted: 2 March 2026

First Online: 28 March 2026

Declarations

:

: Italfarmaco S.p.A. provided funding for bibliographic search support but did not compensate the authors for conducting this systematic literature review.

: Dr. Erik Landfeldt is an employee of IQVIA, a contract research organization. Dr. Luca Bello has served as an advisor/consultant for Italfarmaco, PTC Therapeutics, Sarepta Therapeutics, Roche, Edgewise Therapeutics, Santhera Pharmaceuticals, Reveragen BioPharma, and Boehringer Ingleheim; and has participated in research sponsored by Santhera, Italfarmaco, and Pfizer, outside the scope of the present work. Ms. Valérie Deroo and Ms. Silene Giusti are employees of Italfarmaco S.p.A. Dr. Alfred Peter Born has attended advisory boards for Roche, Novartis, Pfizer, Biogen, and Italfarmaco; received research grants from Roche and Novartis; and has been a principal investigator for clinical studies for Novartis, Roche, and Biogen, outside the scope of the present work. Dr. Anne-Berit Ekström has received honoraria for lectures or consultancy from Biogen, Novartis, PTC Therapeutics, Sarepta Therapeutics, Pfizer, Roche, and Italfarmaco, outside the scope of the present work. Ms. Åberg reports no conflicts of interest.

: The data supporting the findings of this study are available in the referenced publications.

: Dr. Erik Landfeldt and Ms. Maria Åberg conceived and designed the systematic review, implemented the searches, performed the screening and full-text review, extracted the data, and conducted the assessment of risk of bias. Dr. Erik Landfeldt led the analysis and interpretation of data with input from the other co-authors. Dr. Erik Landfeldt drafted the manuscript. All authors reviewed and edited the manuscript for important intellectual content and approved the final version as submitted.