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Authors
Botwright, Siobhan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8204-2065
Munira, Syarifah Liza https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3359-4290
Megiddo, Itamar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8391-6660
El Desouky, Nouran https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6938-8996
Ngwira, Lucky Gift https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2695-8917
Turner, Hugo C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8428-3874
Teerawattananon, Yot https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2217-2930
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science, Research and Innovation Fund (NSRF) through the Program Management Unit for Human Resources & Institutional Development, Research and Innovation (B41G670025)
National Science, Research and Innovation Fund (NSRF) through the Program Management Unit for Human Resources & Institutional Development, Research and Innovation (B41G680024)
MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis (MR/R015600/1)
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Article History
Received: 26 March 2026
Accepted: 6 July 2026
First Online: 23 July 2026
Declarations
Funding: This study was funded by the National Science, Research and Innovation Fund (NSRF) through the Program Management Unit for Human Resources & Institutional Development, Research and Innovation [B41G670025 & B41G680024]. The funders had no role in the design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, or writing of the report. HCT acknowledges funding from the MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis (reference MR/R015600/1), jointly funded by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) and the UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO), under the MRC/FCDO Concordat agreement and is also part of the EDCTP2 programme supported by the European Union.
Author Contributions: All authors contributed to conceptualisation of the manuscript. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Siobhan Botwright and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
Data Availability: We do not analyse or generate any datasets.
