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Article History

First Online: 16 December 2019

Compliance with Ethical Standards

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: Usual academic and physician salaries were utilised in conducting this study. Joshua McGeown acknowledges the AUT Vice Chancellors PhD scholarship funding for his stipend. Alice Theadom was supported by a Rutherford Discovery Fellowship, administered by the Royal Society of New Zealand.

: This study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki. Institutional (ACC and AUT 18/46) ethics committee approvals were obtained for this investigation.

: Participants consented to have their clinical data used for research and publication. All clinical data collected from patients and analysed for this study were de-identified to protect the confidentiality of the study participants.

: Data sharing is not applicable to this article as data analysed in the current study contains participant medical information. Sharing of this information would breach patient privacy and confidentiality and the ethics approval gained for the study.

: Dr Stephen Kara, Dr Mark Fulcher, and Hannah Crosswell declare that they are clinicians at Axis Sports Medicine Clinic. Joshua McGeown, Patria Hume, Alice Theadom, Ken Quarrie, and Robert Borotkanics declare that there are no competing interests associated with the research contained within this manuscript.