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Article History

Accepted: 26 January 2023

First Online: 2 March 2023

Declarations

:

: This study was supported by adidas AG. Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.

: MK and DR are both employees of adidas AG. YP is the founding member of the Sub2 marathon project (ExternalRef removed). BM-P, FG, HW, and MS have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article.

: This experiment was submitted to the Technical University of Munich Ethics Committee, who advised that formal approval was not required. This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: All participants gave written informed consent to being a part of this study after they were informed of and understood the experimental procedures, potential injury risks, and possible benefits.

: Not applicable.

: Considering the inherent characteristics of this research, the participants of this study did not agree to publicly share the obtained individual data.

: Not applicable.

: MK and DR conceived and designed the research. MK and DR performed and supported the experiments with the help of additional colleagues. MK, DR, BM-P, HW, MS, FG, and YP analyzed the data. MK and FG conducted the statistical analysis. MK, DR, BM-P, HW, MS, and YP interpreted the results of the experiment. MK drafted the manuscript. DR, BM-P, HW, MS, FG, and YP edited and revised the manuscript.