Guppy, Fergus http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8526-9169
Muniz-Pardos, Borja http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9191-9033
Angeloudis, Konstantinos http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2417-6612
Grivas, Gerasimos V. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7917-2512
Pitsiladis, Asimina
Bundy, Ross
Zelenkova, Irina
Tanisawa, Kumpei http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9334-7104
Akiyama, Hiroshi
Keramitsoglou, Iphigenia
Miller, Mike
Knopp, Melanie http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2401-985X
Schweizer, Fabian
Luckfiel, Tobias
Ruiz, Daniel http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0519-0638
Racinais, Sebastien
Pitsiladis, Yannis http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6210-2449
Funding for this research was provided by:
Human Telemetrics
International Olympic Committee
Article History
Accepted: 15 August 2023
First Online: 3 October 2023
Declarations
:
: This article is based on a presentation by Yannis Pitsiladis to the GSSI Expert Panel in October 2022. Funding for participation in that meeting together with an honorarium for preparation of this article were provided by the GSSI. No other sources of funding were used to assist in the preparation of this article. However, significant parts of the research and developments presented in this review were funded by research grants from the International Olympic Committee (Lausanne, Switzerland) and Human Telemetrics (London, UK).
: YP and MM are founders of Human Telemetrics (London, UK). AP is an employee of Human Telemetrics (London, UK). YP is the founder of the original Sub2 marathon project now affiliated to Human Telemetrics (London, UK). MK, FS, TL, and DR are employees of adidas Innovation, adidas AG (Herzogenaurach, Germany). The other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest relevant to the content of this manuscript.
: All data collection procedures were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Life, Health and Physical Sciences Cross-School Research Ethics Committee of the University of Brighton, UK (2022-5904).
: FG, BM-P and YP conceived and designed the research. BM-P, GVG, AP, RB, KA, IZ, MM and YP performed and supported the experiments with the help of additional colleagues (MK, FS, TL, and DR). FG, KA, HA, SR and IK analysed the data. FG, BM-P, FS, HA, MM and YP interpreted the results of the experiment. FG, BM-P and YP drafted the manuscript. All authors significantly edited and contributed to the current version of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
: Given the inherent characteristics of this research, the participants in this study did not agree to publicly share the obtained individual data<i>.</i>
: All participants gave written informed consent to being a part of the studies included in the present review after they were informed of and understood the experimental procedures, potential injury risks and possible benefits.