Updates are available Correction dated 2023-11-08

Article History

Accepted: 9 October 2023

First Online: 31 October 2023

Change Date: 8 November 2023

Change Type: Correction

Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:

Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-023-01968-0

Declarations

:

: World Rugby funded this research project.

: GT has received research funding from Prevent Biometrics and World Rugby. BJ is employed in a consultancy capacity by the Rugby Football League and Premiership Rugby, and has received research funding from Prevent Biometrics and World Rugby. RT, EF, DS and LS are employed by World Rugby. The remaining authors have no competing interests to declare.

: This project was approved by University's Research Ethics Committee (UREC), University of Ulster (#REC-21–0061) and the University of Otago Human Ethics Committee (REF: H21-056). The study was performed in accordance with the standards of ethics outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.

: All participants provided written consent.

: All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information. Anonymised data should be available upon reasonable request.

: JT, JW, RT, EF, DS and GT conceptualised the research project and designed the study. JT, JW, RT, EF, DS and GT collected data for the study. All authors were responsible for analysis and interpretation of the results. JT, RT, GT and BJ drafted the manuscript. All authors critically reviewed and edited the manuscript prior to submission.