Document is current

Article History

Accepted: 29 January 2024

First Online: 26 February 2024

Declarations

:

: Dr. Allyssa Memmini, Dr. Traci Snedden, Dr. Paul Pasquina, Mr. Benjamin Benson, and Mr. Eric Margolin do not report any competing interests. Mr. Adrian Boltz has received research funding from the Department of Defense, National Operating Committee on Standards from Athletic Equipment, National Athletic Trainer’s Association Research and Education Foundation, and National Collegiate Athletic Association. Dr. Michael McCrea receives research funding to the Medical College of Wisconsin from the National Institutes of Health, Department of Veterans Affairs, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Defense, National Collegiate Athletic Association, National Football League, and Abbott Laboratories. Further, Dr. McCrea receives book royalties from Oxford University Press. Dr. McCrea also serves as a clinical consultant to Milwaukee Bucks, Milwaukee Brewers, and Green Bay Packers, and is Co-Director of the NFL Neuropsychology Consultants without compensation. In addition, Dr. McCrea serves as a consultant for Neurotrauma Sciences, Inc. Lastly, Dr. McCrea receives travel support and speaker honorariums for professional activities. Dr. Thomas McAllister has received research support from the National Collegiate Athletic Association, United States Department of Defense, and the National Institute of Health. Dr. McAllister also reports textbook royalties from American Psychiatric Press Publishing, Inc. Lastly, Dr. McAllister serves on the Concussion Committee Scientific Advisory Board (unpaid) for the Australian Football League. Dr. Steven Broglio has current or past research funding from the National Institutes of Health; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Department of Defense—USA Medical Research Acquisition Activity, National Collegiate Athletic Association; National Athletic Trainers’ Association Foundation; National Football League/Under Armour/GE; Simbex; and ElmindA. Dr. Broglio has consulted for US Soccer (paid), US Cycling (unpaid), University of Calgary SHRed Concussions external advisory board (unpaid), and medico-legal litigation, and received speaker honorarium and travel reimbursements for talks given. Dr. Broglio is also a co-author of “Biomechanics of Injury (3rd edition)” and has a patent pending on “Brain Metabolism Monitoring Through CCO Measurements Using All-Fiber-Integrated Super-Continuum Source” (US Application No. 17/164,490). Lastly, Dr. Broglio is on the and is/was on the editorial boards (all unpaid) for <i>Journal of Athletic Training</i> (2015 to present), <i>Concussion</i> (2014 to present), <i>Athletic Training & Sports Health Care</i> (2008 to present), and <i>British Journal of Sports Medicine</i> (2008–2019).

: This publication was made possible, in part, by support from the Grand Alliance CARE Consortium, funded by the NCAA and the Department of Defense. The US Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity, 820 Chandler Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5014, USA, is the awarding and administering acquisition office. This work was supported by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs through the Psychological Health and Traumatic Brain Injury Program under award no. W81XWH-14-2-0151. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the Department of Defense (Defense Health Program funds).

: AKM was involved in study conception and design, as well as the interpretation of data, statistical interpretation, manuscript drafting, and final approval. TRS, AJB, BAB, EM, PFP, TWA, MAM, and SPB were involved in study conception and design, statistical analyses and interpretation, in addition to reviewing subsequent drafts of the manuscript and providing final approval of the manuscript. All remaining authors were responsible for study conception, design, and providing generous feedback on manuscript drafts. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

: Data may be available upon reasonable request.

: The US Military Human Research Protection Office and each participating site’s institutional review board reviewed and approved all study procedures. This study was conducted in accordance with the standards outlined by the Declaration of Helsinki.

: All participants provided written informed consent prior to the initiation of data collection.