Murphy, Jennifer https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8624-3828
Caldwell, Aaron R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4541-6283
Mesquida, Cristian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1542-8355
Ladell, Aera J. M.
Encarnación-Martínez, Alberto
Tual, Alexandre
Denys, Andrew
Cameron, Bailey
Van Hooren, Bas
Parr, Ben
DeLucia, Bianca
Mason, Billy R. J.
Clark, Brad
Egan, Brendan
Brown, Calum
Ade, Carl
Sforza, Chiarella
Taber, Christopher B.
Kirk, Christopher
McCrum, Christopher
Tighe, Cian OKeeffe
Byrne, Ciara
Brunetti, Claudia
Forestier, Cyril
Martin, Dan
Taylor, Danny
Diggin, David
Gallagher, Dearbhla
King, Deborah L.
Rogers, Elizabeth
Bennett, Eric C.
Lopatofsky, Eric T.
Dunn, Gemma
Gauchar, Gérome C.
Mornieux, Guillaume
Catalá-Vilaplana, Ignacio
Caetan, Ines
Aparicio-Aparicio, Inmaculada
Barnes, Jack
Blaisdell, Jake
Steele, James
Fletcher, Jared R.
Hutchinson, Jasmin
Au, Jason
Oliemans, Jason P.
Bakhshinejad, Javad
Barrios, Joaquin
Quesada, Jose Ignacio Priego
Rager, Joseph
Capon, Julia B.
Walton, Julie S. J.
Stevens, Kailey
Heinrich, Katie
Wu, Kelly
Meijer, Kenneth
Richards, Laura
Jutlah, Lauren
Tong, Le
Bridgeman, Lee
Banet, Leo
Mbiyu, Leonard
Sefton, Lucy
de Chanaleilles, Margaret
Charisi, Maria
Beerse, Matthew
Major, Matthew J.
Caon, Maya
Bargh, Mel
Rowley, Michael
Moran, Miguel Vaca
Croker, Nicholas
Hanen, Nicolas C.
Montague, Nicole
Brick, Noel E.
Runswick, Oliver R.
Willems, Paul
Pérez-Soriano, Pedro
Blake, Rebecca
Jones, Rebecca
Quinn, Rebecca Louise
Sanchis-Sanchis, Roberto
Rabello, Rodrigo
Bolger, Roisin
Shohat, Roy
Cotton, Sadie
Chua, Samantha
Norwood, Samuel
Vimeau, Samuel
Dias, Sandro
Pedersen, Sissel
Skaper, Spencer S.
Coyle, Taylor
Desai, Terun
Gee, Thomas I.
Edwards, Tobias
Pohl, Torsten
Yingling, Vanessa
Ribeiro, Vinicius
Duchene, Youri
Papadakis, Zacharias
Warne, Joe P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4359-8132
Funding for this research was provided by:
Irish Research Council (GOIPG/2020/1155)
Technological University Dublin
Article History
Accepted: 27 February 2025
First Online: 16 June 2025
Declarations
:
: Ethical approval was obtained at each local university, and all studies were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: All participants provided consent to participate.
: Open Access funding provided by the IReL Consortium. This work was supported by the Irish Research Council’s Government of Ireland Postgraduate Scholarship Programme [GOIPG/2020/1155].
: The authors report there are no competing interests to declare.
: Raw data, code and other supplementary materials are available at .
: Jennifer Murphy: conceptualisation (equal), data curation (lead), formal analysis (equal), funding acquisition (lead), investigation (lead), methodology (equal) and writing – original draft preparation (lead). Aaron R. Caldwell: conceptualisation (equal), methodology (equal), supervision, formal analysis (equal) and writing – review and editing (equal). Cristian Mesquida: conceptualisation (equal). Joe P. Warne: conceptualisation (equal), methodology (equal), supervision (lead) and writing – review and editing (equal). Aera J. M. Ladell, Alberto Encarnación-Martínez, Alexandre Tual, Andrew Denys, Bailey Cameron, Bas Van Hooren, Ben Parr, Bianca DeLucia, Billy R. J. Mason, Brad Clark, Brendan Egan, Calum Brown, Carl Ade, Chiarella Sforza, Christopher B. Taber, Christopher Kirk, Christopher McCrum, Cian O. Keeffe Tighe, Ciara Byrne, Claudia Brunetti, Cyril Forestier, Dan Martin, Danny Taylor, David Diggin, Dearbhla Gallagher, Deborah L. King, Elizabeth Rogers, Eric C. Bennett, Eric T. Lopatofsky, Gemma Dunn, Gérome C. Gauchar, Guillaume Mornieux, Ignacio Catalá-Vilaplana, Ines Caetan, Inmaculada Aparicio-Aparicio, Jack Barnes, Jake Blaisdell, James Steele, Jared R. Fletcher, Jasmin Hutchinson, Jason Au, Jason P. Oliemans, Javad Bakhshinejad, Joaquin Barrios, Jose Ignacio Priego Quesada, Joseph Rager, Julia B. Capon, Julie S. J. Walton, Kailey Stevens, Katie Heinrich, Kelly Wu, Kenneth Meijer, Laura Richards, Lauren Jutlah, Le Tong, Lee Bridgeman, Leo Banet, Leonard Mbiyu, Lucy Sefton, Margaret de Chanaleilles, Maria Charisi, Matthew Beerse, Matthew J. Major, Maya Caon, Mel Bargh, Michael Rowley, Miguel Vaca Moran, Nicholas Croker, Nicolas C. Hanen, Nicole Montague, Noel E. Brick, Oliver R. Runswick, Paul Willems, Pedro Pérez-Soriano, Rebecca Blake, Rebecca Jones, Rebecca Louise Quinn, Roberto Sanchis-Sanchis, Rodrigo Rabello, Roisin Bolger, Roy Shohat, Sadie Cotton, Samantha Chua, Samuel Norwood, Samuel Vimeau, Sandro Dias, Sissel Pedersen, Spencer S. Skaper, Taylor Coyle, Terun Desai, Thomas I. Gee, Tobias Edwards, Torsten Pohl, Vanessa Yingling, Vinicius Ribeiro, Youri Duchene, Zacharias Papadakis: data collection, drafting of preregistration, replication reports and review of final manuscript.