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Article History

Accepted: 17 August 2025

First Online: 6 September 2025

Declarations

:

: Joe and Clara Tsai Foundation as part of the Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance. Eleanor and Miles Shore Faculty Development Awards Program, Harvard Medical School: Boston Children’s Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine Award.

: Dr. DeJong Lempke serves as a consultant for on-going research projects with Boston Children’s Hospital. She receives research support from the Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women’s Health (BIRCWH) through the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (5K12AR084233). The other authors have no potential conflicts of interest with the content of this article.

: Data are available upon reasonable request.

: A.F.D.L. contributed to study question conceptualization, monitored data collection for the whole trial, wrote the statistical analysis plan, cleaned and analyzed the data, and drafted and revised the paper. K.E.A. initiated and implemented the collaborative project, designed data collection tools, interpreted the data, and drafted and revised the paper. T.S. contributed to study question conceptualization, designed data collection tools, interpreted the data, and drafted and revised the paper. L.M.B. designed data collection tools, interpreted the data, and drafted and revised the paper. A.L.B. initiated and implemented the collaborative project, designed data collection tools, and revised the drafted paper. P.A.D. initiated and implemented the collaborative project, designed data collection tools, and revised the drafted paper. S.D. initiated and implemented the collaborative project, designed data collection tools, and revised the drafted paper. C.T. initiated and implemented the collaborative project, designed data collection tools, and revised the drafted paper. G.S. drafted and revised the paper. K.A. implemented the collaborative project, designed data collection tools, monitored data collection for the whole trial, cleaned and interpreted the data, and revised the drafted paper. B.H. designed data collection tools, interpreted the data, and drafted and revised the paper. A.C.H.: designed data collection tools, interpreted the data, and revised the drafted paper. K.E.W. contributed to study question conceptualization, initiated and implemented the collaborative project, designed data collection tools, monitored data collection for the whole trial, wrote the statistical analysis plan, cleaned and analyzed the data, and drafted and revised the paper. All authors read and approved the final version of the article.