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Authors
Milheiro, André https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2530-8357
Baptista, Ivan
Nakamura, Fábio Y.
Sarmento, Hugo
Clemente, Filipe Manuel
Silva, João Renato
Afonso, José
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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Article History
Accepted: 1 September 2025
First Online: 5 November 2025
Declarations
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: The authors have no conflicts of interest.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: We followed ICJME guidelines. Therefore, all authors have provided substantial contributions for the conceptualization and design of the study, acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of data, as well as drafting and revising the manuscript critically. AM developed the original idea for the manuscript. IB, HS, FMC, JRS, and JA helped to conceptualize the work and were actively involved in all stages of the manuscript, including the establishment of the pre-registered protocol. FYN was actively involved in the data analysis and writing of the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Furthermore, all authors agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.
: The protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework (project: ; registration: ) and made public on December 30, 2021, before the searches were performed.
