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Authors
Ward, Jonathan https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1686-9231
Bonnet, Damien
Roumeau, Mickael
Louit, Loic
Chaplain, Olivier https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6353-2190
Mathieu, Bertrand https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2522-7525
Castel, Marie-Aurelie https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8952-0892
Halimi, Patrice
Raymond, Jean-Jacques
Piscione, Julien https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2370-4313
Gavarry, Olivier https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6806-3831
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Association Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie (2022/0327)
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Article History
Accepted: 12 September 2025
First Online: 28 September 2025
Declarations
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: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
: The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
: The study was approved by the University of Toulon’s local ethics committee and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The data analysed in this study originated from data collected as part of a feasibility study of the wearing of instrumented mouthguards (Prevent Biometrics, Minneapolis, MN, USA) by senior academy-aged French Federation Rugby players. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: Not applicable.
: J.W., L.L., J.P. and O.G. conceptualised the research project and designed the study. J.W., D.B., M.R., O.C., B.M. and M.A.C. collected data for the study. J.W. and O.G. were responsible for the statistical analysis. J.W., L.L. and O.G. were responsible for interpreting the results. J.W., L.L. and O.G. drafted the manuscript. All authors critically reviewed and edited the manuscript prior to submission.
