Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Williams, Nancy I. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3690-6691
De Souza, Mary Jane https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-9710
Misra, Madhusmita https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9405-2981
Nattiv, Aurelia https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5999-7154
Joy, Elizabeth https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4473-1038
Barrack, Michelle https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0897-1832
Ricker, Emily A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7743-7786
Gorrell, Sasha https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8861-8547
Koltun, Kristen J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3234-3190
O’Donnell, Emma https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4037-4213
Mallinson, Rebecca J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0377-8737
Salamunes, Ana Carla C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7326-5320
Woodruff, Kary https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3603-2891
Fredericson, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9826-2348
Plessow, Franziska https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9721-7817
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Accepted: 26 September 2025
First Online: 31 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors have no financial interests or relationships to disclose, except as indicated below. Dr. De Souza is a consultant for the California Prune Board, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, and for the CocaCola Company. Dr. Gorrell is supported by the National Institutes of Mental Health (K23MH126201; R21MH131787) and the Brain & Behavior Research Foundation (NARSAD Young Investigator Award). Dr. Misra has served as a key opinion leader for Lumos Pharmaceuticals, consultant for Regeneron, receives study drug donation from Tonix Pharmaceuticals, and honoraria from UpToDate. Dr. Fredericson has several grants related to the subject matter of this article: (1) Co-Principal Investigator, Pac-12 Conference Student-Athlete Health & Well-Being Grant Award, “Improving Bone Health and Reducing the Incidence of Bone Stress Injuries in Pac-12 Distance Runners: An Implementation Plan Focusing on Health Promotion, Optimal Fueling, and Changing Culture”, and (2) Co-Investigator, United States Department of Defense, “Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy for the Management of Stress Fractures and High-Grade Bone Stress Injuries: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial”. Dr. Fredericson is also an Advisory Board member of Hinge Health. Dr. Nattiv has received support as (1) Co-Principal Investigator, Department of Defense and Medical Technology Enterprise Consortium, “Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy for the Management of Stress Fractures and High-Grade Bone Stress Injuries: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial”, and (2) Co-Principal Investigator, Pac-12 Conference Student-Athlete Health and Well-Being Grant Award, “Improving Bone Health and Reducing the Incidence of Bone Stress Injuries in Pac-12 Distance Runners: An Implementation Plan Focusing on Health Promotion, Optimal Fueling, and Changing Culture”, and (3) as a consultant for the National Football League Research and Innovation Committee. Dr. Salamunes is supported by Fulbright Brazil and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Ensino Superior (CAPES). The other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest relevant to the content of this article.
: NIW and MJD oversaw all final edits. The main writers were the section leaders and included, NIW, MJD, MM, AN, EJ, MB, EOD, and SG. All authors contributed to writing, editing consensus discussions, development and approval of evidence-based statements and their grading and approval of the final manuscript.
: The opinions and assertions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Uniformed Services University or the Department of Defense. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views, opinions or policies of The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. Mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
