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Article History

Accepted: 28 October 2025

First Online: 18 November 2025

Declarations

:

: Andrew J. Hall received modest funding for the preparation of this article from The R&A and European Tour Group.

: The authors have paid and unpaid roles providing services in support of elite/professional golfers. Chris Bishop, Amy O’Donnell, Tony Bennett, Graeme L. Close, Wimpie Du Plessis and Andrew D. Murray have paid and unpaid roles within international organisations that govern professional and amateur golf. Andrew J. Hall has no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article.

: No specific research ethics committee review is applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: All data are publicly available in the published literature.

: Not applicable.

: AJH: conceptualisation, data curation, formal analysis, methodology, project administration, writing (original draft), writing (review and editing). CB: writing (original draft), writing (review and editing). AOD: data curation, writing (review and editing). TB: writing (review and editing). GLC: writing (review and editing). WDP: writing (review and editing). ADM: conceptualisation, data curation, methodology, project administration, supervision, writing (original draft), writing (review and editing). All authors approve of the publication of this article and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.