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Article History

Accepted: 6 November 2025

First Online: 4 December 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was funded through public support provided by the Regional Academic Delegation for Research and Innovation (DRARI) of La Réunion.

: All authors meet the ICMJE criteria for authorship and contributed to the conception, reflection and operational organization of the study. Nicolas Bouscaren, Laetitia Berly, and Guillaume Descombes contributed to data collection. Statistical analyses were conducted by Babacar Tounkara and Nicolas Bouscaren. The manuscript was drafted by Nicolas Bouscaren with substantial input from Guillaume Millet and Sébastien Racinais. All authors critically revised the manuscript for important intellectual content, approved the final version to be published, and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

: Prof. Guillaume Millet is an Editorial Board member of Sports Medicine . Prof. Millet was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest. The results of the study are presented clearly, honestly, and without fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate data manipulation.

: Ethical approval was granted by the Clinical Research and Innovation Department of Reunion Island University Hospital Center, race organizers and medical board, and the National Ethics Committee East-II (ID-RCB 2021-A01855-36). The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05098925). Data were collected after securing written informed consent from each participant in line with the Declaration of Helsinki.

: The datasets and code generated and analyzed during this study are available upon request from the corresponding author. Requests will be addressed within 1 week provided that they comply with ethical and legal guidelines.